![]() ![]() This volume is designed to introduce the reader to the world of RTAs, for general understanding of the place of RTAs in the global trading system, appreciation of the context and legal content of particular RTAs, and as a basis for further study and analysis. ![]() This movement toward more regionalism may accelerate if the Doha Development Round of WTO negotiations remains stalemated, but will likely continue regardless of whether Doha is ultimately concluded. The WTO Secretariat has predicted that by 2010 nearly 400 such preferential trade agreements could be in force, with many WTO Member States being to party to multiple RTAs. The proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) is one of the most economically significant, politically important and, for some, troubling developments within the world trading system since the WTO Agreements entered into force in 1995. Concretely, this would entail inserting a social clause in the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, and would trigger the imposition of sanctions on those countries that do not adhere to the CLS. At the heart of the debate is the question whether or not trade sanctions should be imposed on countries that do not respect the CLS as embodied in multilateral conventions administered by the International Labour Organization (ILO). The history of the linkage between the Core Labour Standards (CLS) and international trade dates back roughly 150 years, and has recently become one of the most vexing issues facing policy-makers. Based on the lessons learned from the Regional model, the book proposes a Global Labour and Trade Framework Agreement (GLTFA) combined with a joint ILO/WTO enforcement mechanism to resolve the contentious issue of the link between the CLS and international trade. This book examines the labour standards provisions in a number of Regional and Bilateral Trade Agreements, and assesses the potential of using the relevant clauses in these trade agreements as a benchmark for a multilateral approach. ![]() This volume is an invaluable key to understanding the deepest and most serious flaws in the "New World Order," and an essential resource for practitioners, policymakers, business people, and scholars committed to an international trade regime that is truly "free." Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint. Professor Carl clearly shows why, in all of these areas, developing nations fail to benefit from multilateral trade agreements as currently constituted. It covers a wide spectrum of essential trade issues, including tariffs, quotas, subsidies, dumping, rules of origin, standards, safeguards, textiles, agriculture, and information technology. Professor Carl's detailed analysis of the effects of WTO rules-as well as rules of no less than 37 other regional trade agreements-on the economic infrastructures of developing nations is as telling and incisive as it is eloquent and insightful. This book examines the trade problems the developing nations face in the new Millennium. The tariffs imposed by rich nations on manufactured products from developing countries are four times higher than the duties on goods from other industrialized nations. The developing World contains 80 percent of the globe's population, but accounts for less than 25 percent of its trade. There are numerous other regional trade organizations in all areas of the world and it is possible to find information about them in some of the resources listed in the general information section. Following that are discussions and resources for a selection of regional trade organizations. This section of the guide presents resources relating to the rise and development of regional trade organizations generally. ![]() An economic union represents the coordination of all the economic policies of the member countries. With a common market, regional integration includes trade as well as free movement of all aspects of production. In customs unions, member countries eliminate tariffs and create a common external trade regime. Free trade areas occur when member countries eliminate tariffs and trade barriers, but maintain individual foreign trade policies. Regional trade agreements generally take on one of four forms: free trade areas, customs unions, common markets and economic unions. The goal of a regional trade organization is the liberalization of international trade between the member nations. Regional trade organizations are multilateral arrangements focused around a geographical area. ![]()
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